KALUNDE MWENYEWE

ARCHAEOLOGY IN TANZANIA

By. KALUNDE ALOYCE

Archaeology is the scientific study of past human culture and behavior, from the origins of humans to the present (Encarta Encyclopedia, 2008).

Archaeology can also be put as the study of human past through its material remains. Past studied by archaeologists range from yesterday to thousands or even million years ago. The material remains are referred to as collectively as the archaeological record to study the past archaeologists define research questions and apply a series of archaeological methods by which they discover records preserve, describe, and analyze the archaeological records to answer those questions (Ashmore & Sherer, 2003).

Background and origin of archaeology:

Archaeology emerged gradually from diverse origin like other disciplines it has routes from the way of amateur collection and skeleton often called antiquarians who in this case were the collection of remains from the past. The development of archaeology begins with the first attempt to clarify the remaining from the past and proceeds from purely speculative explanation of the past efforts to use the archaeological evidence to infer what happened in the past.

It became established as a formal discipline in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries. At that time, most archaeological work was confined to Europe, to the so-called cradle of civilization in southwestern Asia, and to a few areas of the Americas. Today, archaeologists study the great cultural diversity of humanity in every corner of the world.

The origin of archaeology excavations in Tanzania.

The archaeological excavations have been numerous made by various historians and archeologists. Their work has resulted to the discovery of many archaeological sites in the country which hardly trace the origins of archaeology in the country. Examples of archeological sites in Tanzania are Engaruka, Ivuna, Kalambo falls, Kaole, Kondoa rock of art sites, Laetoli, Mumba cave, Olduvai Gorge, Oldvai Gorge Museum, Palace of human Kubwa, and Qanbalu Ruins.

Some of the archaeological excavations which have been made in the country include the following.

 In 1870, Richard Burton presented report in his book “Zanzibar II” describing the ruins of Kaole, Tongoni, Songo-Unara, and Kirwa Kisiwani. The 1908 missionaries report on the rock paintings in Bwanjai Bukoba (Kusimba & Kusimba, 2003).

German Tendaguru expedition, 1906.

The Tendaguru beds are fossil deposit which were first discovered in 1906, when German pharmacist, chemical analyst and mining engineer Bemhard willhelm settled on his way to a mine south of the Mbemkure near in German east Africa company (today Tanzania) noticed an enormous bone weathering out of the path near the base of hill because of its methodology, the hill was locally known as “steel hill” “Tendaguru” and the language of the local Wamwera People. The Tendaguru beds are fossils rich formation in Tanzania. It has been considered the richest of like Jurassic strata in Africa. Continental reconstructions show Tendaguru to have been in the southern hemisphere during the Jurassic. Tendaguru is similar to the Mans on formation except in its Marine inter beds. The dinosaur life is also similar to that of the Morrison; with the presence of drysorurus in both formations and other dinosourus in the morison and Giru Hatitan nd Kentrosaurus in the Tendaguru (Khal af –von Jaffa, et al, 2006).

More over, the German Tendaguru expedition excavated various archaeological sites by the scientific team from the museum of Fiir Natur Kunde Berlin who also excavated the Tendaguru hill and in the surrounding for four years (1909-1912). These archaeologists included Werner Jenenseh as expedition leader and Edwin Henning as assisted directed exceeding while Hans and Ina led the 1912 field season. Other participants from Europe include Hans Von staff. In merry season the scientists explored the geological of colonial German East Africa on long safaris. Today they are namely Janenschie, Robusta and Barosaunis Africanus (Fraas, 1908).

Olduvai Gorge today is ravine 2 kilometers deep and 50km long cutting into the grass land plateau of the Serengeti plains. Olduvai gorge first gained prominence as a paleonthrolopological site in 1911 when a German paleontologist from Munich named Kattwinkel   collected fauna remains. There after the site attracted many scientists including the well known Leakey’s (Louis and Mary) who in 1959 made the major paleonnthropological discovery of the first known australopithecines (zinjanthropus boisei). Louis and Mary Leakey used chemicals to retrieve so much evidence on early humans. For example, Potassium-argon age determination they were able to assign the bones an age of about 1.75 million years. Argon – Argon age determination revised the age of Zinjanthropus back to 1.98 million years. Fission track dating confirms olduvai (K-Ardates), has been to pumice samples from Bed about 2 million years ago. Today, Olduvai remains an important archaeological site; it was listed as a world cultural heritage site in 1974.

About 36km south of    Olduvai gorge and still with the Ngorongoro Conservation area lies Laetoli, a Pliocene site that was first reported by another German scientist. The name Laetoli is derived from a Maasai word that means ‘salty plains’, it has also been interpreted as place of red lies (Leakey, 1979; Leakey & Hay, 1979). Laetoli was identified as a paleonnthropological site in 1935 after it was brought to the attention of marry and Louis Leakey by a young warrior (Morani) (Kusimba & Kusimba, 2003).

Kilwa excavation in 1950s, Kilwa is the name of an archaeological site on the Kilwa Kisiwani islands the coast of Tanzania in the region known as the Swahili coast. Archaeologists became interested in Kilwa became of the 16^th century histories about the site including the how lost Kilwa chronicle although remains of this documents do still exist. Excavations included James Kirk man and Nevile Chittick from the British institute in Eastern Africa. Scholar believes the Kilwa society developed into later Swahili societies.

Kaole ruins in 1958 by Mr. Neville Chittick a man from England with Mr. Samaharie. M. Kejeri Now is a Professor. Kaole was early known as Pumbuji, was the first settlement of the Arabs from Persia in 13^th century (1270). This is the major attraction that Bagamoyo has to offer. The ruins are located about 5 kilometers from the center ruins have two mosque and several tombs; one mosque is the remnants of the oldest mosque in east Africa, dating between third and fourth centuries.

The ruins are believed to be established around 13^th century, indicating early contact Bagamoyo had with Islamic world. The tombs were built from the coral stones.

Engaruka excavation, the archaeological site of Engaruka dates to the late Iron Age (15^th to 16^th AD) and is located in the rift valley of Tanzania. This site was excavated by Hans Reck in the early 20^th century and includes seven large villages with complex stone block irrigation canal and intricate agricultural system. More recent excavations have been conducted by Ari Siiriaienen of the University of Helsinki and the Academy of Finland s part of the cultural ecology of the east African savannah project (Kris, n.d).

The post colonial excavation led to major discoveries of cultural material remains including stone tools of early Stone Age, middle Stone Age, and late Stone Age pastoral – Neolithic affinities and ruins. Rock paintings, early settlement of modern societies, early iron technology, early civilization and contacts. Therefore, the colonial contact with indigenous of Africa led to the African archaeological research. For instance, Minziro is unique within Tanzania for the predominantly West African affinities of its fauna due to evident in the birdlife, which had received little attention prior to a pioneering ornithological trip undertaken by Neil and Liz Baker in 1984.

Conclusion, the origin of archaeological excavations in Tanzania can be derived from global perspective with its origin from Western Europe, Asia, and Tanzania where the origin of human Kind can be traced at its famous archaeological site of Olduvai Gorge.

REFERNCE

Fagan, B. M. (2008). Microsoft Encarta. DVD. © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation.

Fraas, E. (1908). Ostafricansche dinosaurier palaeontologrphica retrived from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tendgueru.html

Hist, K.K. (n.d). Archaeologicl site of Engaruka. Retrived from

http://archaeology.about.com/bio/K-Kris-Hirst-3021.htm

Khala-Van, J., Warman, A., & Bassam, A. T. (2006). Retrived from http://illen.wikipedia.org/ on 16/03/2011.

Kusimba .C. M  & Kusimba, S. B. (2003). East Africa Archaeology; Foragers, potters, smiths and traders,. USA: University of Pennslyvania Museum of archaeology.

Sharer, R. J., & Asmore,  W.  (2003). Archaeology; discovery our past (3^rd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.

HAIKUWA RAHISI

Katika kufanikisha sherehe ya Sr,Fausta na rafiki yake Sr,Lulu, ilikuwa ni mshikemshike ila mwenyezi Mungu alisimamia hadi tukafnikiwa.

Kila siku ya tukio kulikuwepo tukio jipya hasa, siku ya ijumaa tarehe 11/02/2011 wakati watu wanajiandaa kwenda KAWEKAMO kwenye sherehe ya Sr,Fausta, dada yetu wanayepandana marambili na Sr.Fausta aitwe Dada Speciother Alijifungua mtoto wa kiume, tukamwita jina la FAUSTINE. Haikuishia hapo, siku ya tarehe 26/02/2011 Kijijini Maligisu (Nyumbani kwao Sr.Fausta) ile wanamaliza kumchinja N'gombe wa sherehe, KAZALIWA Ng'ombe Jike, kafanan viilevile jinsia hadi rangi. MUNGU AITWE MUNGU.

JE, AHADI HIZI ZA WAGOMBEA ZINATEKELEZEKA?

Na ALOYCE KALUNDE

Ahadi za Kikwete:

1. Kujenga reli mpya kutoka Dar es Salaam mpaka mikoa ya Kanda ya ziwa-Nzega, Tabora
2. Mkoa wa Tanga kuwa Jiji la Viwanda- Tanga mjini
3. Tabora kutumia maji ya Ziwa Victoria-Igunga
4. Kulipa madeni ya chama cha Ushirika mkoa wa Shinyanga (SHIRECU)- Shinyanga
5. Kumaliza migogoro ya Ardhi nchini- Dodoma
6. Wakulima kuacha kutumia jembe la mkono-Dodoma mjini
7. Kuwapatia trekta wakulima -Kata ya Mrijo, Dodoma
8. Wananchi kutoondolewa kwenye Ranchi ya Misenyi-Kagera
9. Kujenga Uwanja wa Ndege Misenyi-Kagera
10. Kupanua Uwanja wa Ndege Bukoba-Bukoba Mjini
11. Kujenga uwanja wa ndege mkubwa Kigoma - Kigoma Mjini
12. Mtukula kupatiwa umeme kutoka Uganda- Kagera
13. Mikoa ya Kagera, Kigoma, Lindi, Rukwa na Ruvuma kuunganishwa katika gridi ya taifa ya umeme- Kagera
14. Kuimarisha Takukuru kwa miaka mitatu-Kagera
15. Hukumu kwa waliopatikana na hati ya kuua albino- Mbeya
16. Kununua meli kubwa kuliko MV Bukoba-Kagera
17. Kuanzisha benki ndogondogo kwa ajili ya wajasiriamali
18. Serikali kuvisaidia vyama vya ushirika-Mwanza
19. Kuimarisha usalama Ziwa Victoria na Ziwa Tanganyika kwa kupeleka kikosi maalum chenye vifaa kupambana na wahalifu-Mwanza
20. Wilaya ya Geita kuwa hadhi ya mkoa Januari mwakani- Geita
21. Kulinda muungano kwa nguvu zote-Pemba
22. Kuwajengea nyumba waathirika wa mafuriko Kilosa-Morogoro
23. Kununua meli mpya kubwa Ziwa Nyasa-Mbeya mjini
24. Kujenga bandari Kasanga –Rukwa
25. Kumaliza tatizo la walimu miaka mitano ijayo - Songea
26. Kufufua mgodi wa makaa ya mawe Kiwira -Mbeya
27. Kuzuia hatari ya kisiwa cha Pangani kuzama- Tanga
28. Kununua bajaji 400 kwa ajili ya kubeba wajawazito hasa vijijini- Iringa
29. Kujenga barabara yenye kiwango cha lami kutoka Same mpaka Kisiwani –Kihurio na kuiunganisha na barabara kuu ya Moshi -Dar es salaam- Same mkoani Kilimanjaro
30. Kumaliza tatizo la maji katika wilaya ya Same-Same Mjini
31. Kuboresha barabara za Igunga -Tabora
32. Kusambaza walimu 16,000 katika shule za sekondari zenye upungufu makubwa wa walimu- Kisesa Magu
33. Kununua vyandarua viwili kwa kila kaya- Mbeya Mjini
34. Kuzipandisha hadhi hospitali maalumu saba nchini kuwa za rufaa ili kuipunguzia mzigo Hospitali ya Taifa ya Muhimbili (MHN)-Hydom Manyara
35. Kulinda amani nchini kwa kuzuia chokochoko za kidini, kikabila na kisiasa- Musoma
36. Kulinda haki za walemavu- Makete
37. Kujenga baabara ya Njombe- Makete kwa kiwango cha lami,urefu wa kilomita 109- Iringa mjini
38. Kujenga barabara Musoma–Mto wa Mbu Arusha-Arusha
39. Kuanzisha jimbo la Ulyankulu- Shinyanga Mjini
40. Kujenga barabara ya lami Manyoni-Kigoma– Kaliua,Tabora
41. Kukarabati barabara ya Arusha Moshi-Arusha Mjini
42. Kuboresha barabara ya Handeni, Kondoa,mpaka Singida-Dodoma
43. Kuwafidia wanakijiji ng’ombe waliopotea wakati wa ukame mwaka 2009- Longido 45.Vijiji vyote vilivyoko kilomita 15 kutoka kwenye bomba kuu la mradi mkuu wa maji wa Ziwa Victoria-Shinyanga-Kahama kuunganishiwa maji - Shinyanga
44. Tatizo la umeme kufikia kikomo Novemba mwaka huu mkoani Arusha –Arusha mjini
45. Kukopesha wavuvi zana za kilimo-Busekera, Wilaya ya Musoma, .
46. Kuwapatia maji wakazi wa Wilaya ya Longido- Longido
47. Kujenga barabara ya lami kupitia pembezoni mwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Seregenti – Ngorongoro
48. Utekelezaji wa mpango wa maendeleo ya kilimo kuwasaidia wafugaji kuweza kupata na kutunza mifugo yao vizuri- Mbulu mkoani Manyara
49. Kusambaza maji nchi nzima-Babati vijijini
50. Kusambaza umeme, utoaji wa huduma za afya, na uboreshaji wa kilimo cha umwagiliaji na utoaji ruzuku kwa wakulima. mwaka 2010-2015-Babati vijijini Kuongeza mara tatu idadi ya wananchi wanaonufaika na ruzuku ya pembejeo za kilimo kwa mfumo wa vocha.-Iringa
51. Kuhakikisha Isimani inapata maji ya uhakika- Iringa
52. Kuiwekea lami barabara inayokwenda katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ruaha, ambayo ndiyo hifadhi kubwa kuliko zote Tanzania-Iringa
53. Kulinda usalama wa wananchi kwa ujumla ili kudumisha amani na sifa ya nchi-Ifunda
54. Kutokomeza malaria 2015-Bunda,mkoa wa Mara
55. Kuwapa wanawake nafasi zaidi-Kilolo ,Iringa
56. Kuisadia Zanzibar kuendeleza miradi mbalimbali ya kijamii-Kibandamaiti Mjini Zanzibar
57. Kuipandisha hadhi hospitali ya Mnazi Mmoja Zanzibar kuwa ya rufaa-Kibandamaiti mjini Zanzibar
58. Kuisaidia Zanzibar kila panapohitajika msaada-Kibandamaiti
59. Serikali kujenga upya bandari ya Mbambabay-Ruvuma
60. Ununuzi wa Meli mpya yenye uwezo wa kubeba tani 400-Mbambabay Ruvuma
61. Kufufua chama kikuu cha ushirika cha wakulima wa Mbinga(MBICU) –Ruvuma
62. Ahadi Rais wa Marekani Barack Obama kuimwagia misaada Tanzania –Ruvuma
63. Ahadi hakutakuwa na umwagaji wa damu baada ya uchaguzi-Dar es Salaam
64. Mtwara kuwa mji wa Viwanda –Mtwara
65. Ahadi ujenzi wa kwanda cha dawa ya kuua viluilui vya mbu-Kibaha
66. Hospitali ya Tumbi kuwa ya mkoa-Kibaha
67. Halmashauri ya manispaa ya Kibaha kutenga eneo maalumu la viwanda -Kibaha

Ahadi za Dk W. Slaa:

1. Kujenga nchi isiyo na ufisadi.
2. Kurejesha maadili ya taifa, na utumishi wa umma.
3. Kuanza mchakato wa katiba mpya ndani ya siku 100.
4. Kufufua Tanganyika ili irejee mezani kujadili muungano na Zanzibar.
5. Kufufua uchumi wa Nchi kwa kutumia rasilimali zilizopo
6. Kukata asilimia ishilini (20%) ya mshahara wa rais.
7. Kupunguza mishahara ya wabunge kwa asilimia kumi na tano (15%).
8. Kuweka Mwenge wa Uhuru Jumba la Makumbusho.
9. Kutoa huduma bora za afya bure.
10. Kutoa elimu bure chekechea hadi kidato cha Sita (elimu ya lazima)
11. Kufuta kodi ya vifaa vya ujenzi
12. Kuwalipa wazee wa EAC fedha zao ndani ya siku 100
13. Kuwalipa wanaoidai DECI
14. Kubana matuzi ya serikali.
15. Kupunguza ukubwa wa serikali (Mawaziri 15, manaibu watano).

Ahadi za Profesa Lipumba

1. Elimu ya bure kuanzia msingi hadi chuo kikuu
2. Kubana matumizi kwa kupunguza ukubwa wa baraza la mawaziri
3. Kuunda serikali shirikishi
4. Kusimamia rasilimali
5. Kuimarisha miundombinu
6. Kusimamia na kuboresha afya
7. Kuboresha kilimo, viwanda na uwekezaji
8. Kurudisha chakula cha bure mahospitalini

MSHINDI WA UCHAGUZI 2010

Rais Jakaya Kikwete
Makamu wa Rais, Dk. Mohamed Gharib Bilal
Waziri Mkuu, Mizengo Pinda

WIZARA NA MAWAZIRI WAKE:

Waziri wa Nchi, Ofisi ya Rais,
1.Utawala bora, Mathias Chikawe
2.Mahusiano na Uratibu, Stephen Wassira
3.Menejiment ya Utumisi wa Umma – Hawa Ghasia

Ofisi ya Makamu wa Rais
4-Muungano-Samia Suluhu Hassan
5-Mazingira - Dk. Terezya Luoga Hovisa

Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu
6.Sera, Uratibu na Bunge, William Lukuvi
7.Uwezeshaji na Uwekezaji, Dk. Mary Nagu

8) Tawala za Mikoa na Serikali za Mitaa, George Mkuchika
Manaibu: Aggrey Mwanri na Kassim Majaliwa

9) Wizara ya Fedha, Mustapha Mkullo
Manaibu: Gregory Teu na Pereira Ame Silima

10) Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani-Shamsi Vuai Nahodha,
Naibu: Balozi Hamis Kagasheki

11) Wizara ya Sheria na Katiba: Celina Kombani

12) Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa: Bernard Membe
Naibu: Mahadhi Juma Mahadhi

13) Wizara ya Ulinzi na JKT: Dk. Hussein Mwinyi

14) Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Mifugo na Uvuvi: Dk. Mathayo David Mathayo
Naibu: Benedict Ole Nagoro

15) Wizara ya Mawasiliano Sayansina Tenknolojia: (Prof. Makame Mnyaa Mbarawa
Naibu: Charles Kitwanga (mawe matatu)

16) Wizara ya Ardhi, Nyumba na Maendeleo ya Makazi, Prof. Anna Tibaijuka
Naibu: Goodluck Ole Madeye

17) Wizara ya Maliasili na Utalii: Ezekiel Maige

18) Wizara ya Nishati na Madini, William Ngeleja,
Naibu: Adam Malima

19) Wizara ya Ujenzi: John Magufuli
Naibu: Prof. Harrison Mwakyembe

20) Wizara ya Uchukuzi: Omary Nundu
Naibu: Athuman Mfutakamba

21) Wizara ya Viwanda na Biashara Dkt. Cyril Chami
Naibu: Lazaro Nyalandu

22) Wizara ya Elimu: Dk Shukuru Kawambwa
Naibu: Philipo Mulugo

23) Wizara ya Afya na Ustawi wa Jamii: Dk. Hadji Hussein Mpanda
Naibu: Dk. Lucy Nkya

24) Wizara ya Kazi na Ajira: Gaudencia Kabaka
Naibu: Dkt. Makongoro Mahanga

25) Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia na Watoto: Sophia Simba
Naibu: Umi Ali Mwalimu

26) Wizara ya Elimu Habari, Vijana, Utamaduni na Michezo: Dk. Emmanuel Nchimbi
Naibu: Dk. Fenella Mukangara

27) Wizara ya Ushirikiano EAC, Samuel Sitta
Naibu: Dk. Abdallah Juma Abdallah

28) Wizara ya Kilimo, Chakula na Ushirika, Prof Jumanne Magheme, Naibu: Christopher Chiiza

29) Wizara ya Maji, Prof Mark Mwandosya
Naibu: Eng. gerson Lwinga

Kabla ya kutangaza, Rais Kikwete alisema haya:

Katika Muundo wa Serikali hakuna mabadiliko makubwa isipokuwa yafuatayo:
1.Idara ya Umwagiliaji tumeiunganisha na Kilimo ambako ndipo ilipokuwa zamani.
a.Imeonekana upangaji wa maendeleo ya kilimo unakuwa hauna hakika bila ya umwagiliaji kuwa sehemu ya kilimo. Tuliihamishia maji kurahisisha pia upangaji na hasa kwa vile maji ndiyo wanaotoa haki ya matumizi ya maji.
b.Kwa kuwa tatizo la uhaba wa maji ya binadamu ni kubwa sana na tunataka tuongeze kasi ya kukabiliana na tatizo hilo tumeona tuiondolee wizara hii mzigo wa umwagiliaji ili ibaki na kazi moja tu ya kuhakikisha kuwa watu wanapata maji safi na salama mita 400 kutoka wanapoishi.
2.Idara ya Vijana tumeihamisha kutoka Wizara ya Kazi na kuihamishia Wizara ya Habari kwa sababu kuu 2.
a.Kwanza inashabihiana na michezo na utamaduni.
b.Tunataka Wizara ya Kazi ipate muda wa kutosha wa kushughulikia masuala ya ajira na wafanyakazi ambayo sasa yamepanuka.
3.Shughuli za Uwezeshaji wa Wananchi zilizokuwa Wizara ya Fedha na Wizara ya Kazi zitahamishiwa Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu.
4.Marekebisho mengine ni madogo:
a.Katika Ofisi ya Rais tunairudisha shughuli ya mahusiano na jamii hivyo tunaongeza Waziri wa Nchi ambaye pia atashughulikia shughuli zilizopanuka za Tume ya Mipango, MKURABITA na TASAF.
b.Katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu tutakuwa na Waziri wa Nchi wa kushughulikia Uwekezaji na Uwezeshaji wa Wananchi.
c.Katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu Wizara ya TAMISEMI tumeongeza Naibu Waziri wa kushughulikia masuala ya Elimu.

WALIAPISHWA

Jumamosi tarehe 27 Novemba, 2010 saa 05:00 asubuhi.

Swali langu ni je, ushindi huu ulikuwa halali?, kwanini NEC inasingizia baadhi ya softwares za wapiga kura kupotea?

TANZANIA IKO TAABANI KAMA ILIVYOKUWA MELI MV BUKOBA 21 MAY, 2006

Na Aloyce Kalunde

Inaskitisha sana pale rais anaporuhusu ndani ya nchi ya Kambalage yaibuke matabaka ya u-dini, ukabila, na u-kanda, hii ni hatari sana kwa taifa letu na inapaswa kukomeshwa mapema, vinginevyo damu itamwagika katika kila kona na umaskini utatutembelea mara dufu zaidi ya ilivyo sasa.

Ushahidi wangu ni huu ndogo sana ambao nimeufanya kautoka eneo dogo hasa kwenye chuo kimoja cha serikali kijulikanacho kwa jina la University of Dodoma (UDOM) ambapo wafanyakazi wake wote walioshikilia nafasi za juu zaidi chuoni hapo ni waislamu (muslims), ispokuwa mkuu wa chuo tu ambaye ni mkatoliki. Hapa swali ni je, mchakato uliotumika kuwapata watumishi hao ulitumia sifa zipi? Na ili mtu aajiliwe UDOM kwenye wadhifa wa juu anatakiwa kuwa na sifa zipi?

Kwamujibu wa wafanyakazi wa chuo kikuu cha Dodoma hasa ngazi za juu, nimeptwa wasiwasi kwenye Nyanja zifuatazo: mabalozi wanaoteuluwa na rais kwenda nchi za nje, wabunge wa kuteuliwa wanaoingia Bungeni kwa viti maalumu, wakuu wa majeshi kama vile Jeshi la wananchi, jeshi la kujenga taifa na Polisi. Inawezekana kabisa kuwa kupanda cheo ni hadi uwe muislam au utoe rushwa ama uwe motto wa kigogo hapa nchini.

Haya ndiyo mambo yanayoifanya serikali ya rais Kikwete ionekane kuwa na ubabaishaji wa hali ya juu sana. Ni kwasababu watu wanapewa kazi kwa kujuana, kuwa dini moja au urafiki. Ingekuwa kila mtu anaingia kwa sifa zake kitaaluma migogora UDOM insingekuwa inatokea namna hii.

Ushahidi wangu kuwasilisha hisia za mshituko kuwa Tanzania tumeingiliwa na mdudu alaye zaidi ya kirusi kisababishacho ukimwi (UDINI) ni majina ambayo ni haya hapa:

Mh.B.W.Mkapa – Councilor, Dr. Mohamed bilal (vice president of Tanzania) - chairman., Prof. Idris Kikula - vice councilor, Prof. Shaban Mlacha - deputy vice councilor in planning, finance and administration (DVC PFA), Prof. Ludovick Kinabo - deputy vice councilor in academic, research and consultancy (DVC ARC), Prof. Kosaki - Principal collage of education, Mr. Manongi - Dean of students.

Mwisho, natoa wito kwa viongozi wa serikali, dini na waumini hata wasio waumini kuwa, upendeleo wa nyadhifa haukwepeki, lakini inapotokea inzidi kiasi hiki watu lazima tushituke. Ni lazima tuhoji sasa kuwa si ajabu hata kupatikana kwa kura za mheshimiwa kikwete inawezekana zinau-dini ndani yake. Upendeleo huu ukiendelea utasababisha mpasuko wa wananchi kidini, itikadi, ukabikabila, ukanda na hata rangi. Na ikitokea hivyo ujue damu inakaribia kumwagika. Haya yalitokea Congo, Rwanda 1994, Brundi, Lebanon, Uudan, Sieralaeon, na kwingineko.

Tuweni makini na huu mpasuko, siwezi kusita kusema kuwa rais kikwete nchi imekushinda kuiongoza, na siyo mimi tu bali hata wananchi waliokupigia kura mwnzo walishituka kuwa uliwadanganya kuwa maisha bora kwa kila mtanzania, na ndoyo maana kura zimepungua sana za ushindi ukilinganisha na ulivyoshinda ktk uchaguzi wa 2005.

Tukianza kubaguana, je hii nchi itajengwa na watu gain?

Source: prospectus of UDOM 2010-2011.

Kwanini tuchague jiwe?

Ansbert Ngurumo

WASOMAJI kadhaa wameniomba niwakumbushe hoja niliyoandika Desemba 23, 2007 nilipohoji, “kwanini tuchague jiwe?” Wanadai kwamba mjadala wa kisiasa uliotawala nchini wiki hii unafanana na hoja yangu ya miaka miwili iliyopita.
Ingawa baadhi ya matukio yanayosimuliwa katika makala ile yalikwisha kubadilika, nimeona vema nikubali ombi la baadhi ya wasomaji wa Maswali Magumu, niiweke kama ilivyokuwa, itumike kama fursa ya kupima na kujipima kama katika miaka miwili iliyopita tumesonga mbele, tumerudi nyuma au tumegota pale pale. Wakati ule, niliandika hivi:
Mtu mmoja ameingia kwenye blogu yangu (www.ngurumo.blogspot.com) kujadili mapinduzi niliyopendekeza, akaandika maoni yake, ambayo nimeona yawe sehemu ndogo (lakini muhimu) ya mjadala wa leo. Alificha jina lake, akaandika hivi:
“Mapinduzi ya kweli mpaka tupate viongozi wa maana... Nchini bado hakuna viongozi wa maana watakaoleta mapinduzi ya maana.
“Tuna wakosoaji sampuli ya Ngurumo, ana chuki na Kikwete utafikiri walichukuliana mabibi. Nchi hii usanii tu. Wakosoaji wasanii, watawala wasanii, wapinzani wasanii, hakuna lolote; porojo tu...”
Kwa maoni ya mwananchi huyu, Tanzania ni nchi ya wasanii; yeye akiwamo! Haina uongozi wala upinzani. Haina watu makini na haina kitu. Ni nchi iliyo tupu na ukiwa!
Kwangu, huyu ni mtu aliyekata tamaa. Hana tumaini lolote. Uwezo wake wa kuvumilia adha na kustahimili mapambano ya kila siku umefikia kikomo.
Hatafuti ufumbuzi kwa sababu haoni kama inawezekana. Na anaona watu wanaozungumzia ufumbuzi wa matatizo ya kitaifa wanaota ndoto za mchana.
Watu wa namna hii ndio huishia kujinyonga; maana hawaoni haja ya kuishi; na hata wao wenyewe hawaamini kwamba wapo hai!
Ingawa hii imejitokeza kwenye blogu, ambako nilidhani wananchi wengi wasio na mtandao wa kompyuta hawatapata fursa ya kuisoma, nimekuwa napata kauli za namna hii kutoka kwa baadhi ya watu ninaowafahamu walio serikalini.
Kama jamaa huyu, nao hawana imani na serikali inayowaajiri. Hawana imani na wanasiasa wanaoongoza serikali wala upinzani unaoikosoa serikali. Wanafanya kazi kwa kutimiza tu wajibu, lakini hawana ari!
Je, hawa wanaweza kufanya kazi kwa ufanisi na tija? Mwajiri wao anajua jinsi watu wake walivyokata tamaa?
Hili ni kundi la watu wanaoogopa mijadala, hata ile ambayo ingewasaidia kuinua upya nafsi zao zinazochungulia shimoni. Katika hali ya kukata tamaa, hawasomi hata hoja za wakosoaji na wapinzani wa serikali.
Hata wakizisoma hawaelewi; kwa maana wameshafunga milango ya uelewa. Wanachokiona ni chuki.
Kinachosikitisha ni kwamba hawamtazami rais wetu kama kiongozi; bali kama mwanaume tu ‘mpenda mabibi’ akiwagombea na wananchi wake! Kwa maoni yangu, hii ni dhihaka isiyo kifani dhidi ya viongozi wetu, hata kutoka kwa watu wenye nia ya kumtetea na kuwakatisha tamaa wanaomkosoa.
Ajabu ni kwamba, baadhi ya watu wenye upeo huu, wanaozungumza lugha hizi – walau wale ninaowafahamu – wamejichomeka na kukubalika katika kundi la washauri wa watawala wa nchi hii.
Mawazo ya namna hii yamo serikalini na nje ya serikali. Ni ugonjwa mbaya wa kiakili na ni sehemu ya mambo yanayopaswa kupinduliwa kama tunataka kuiokoa Tanzania.
Ndiyo maana sikukaa kimya, bali nilimjibu kwa kifupi na bila kuchuja maneno, pale pale kwenye blogu. Nilimjibu hivi:
“Mimi siandiki kwa upendeleo wala woga. Naandika kile ambacho mashabiki wa (Rais Jakaya) Kikwete hawataki kukiandika kwa sababu wanaona ‘watamharibia.’
Mimi nalitazama taifa si CCM. CCM imekaa madarakani miaka nenda rudi. Imechoka. Imeishiwa mikakati. Inarudiarudia yale yale. Tunaisahihisha kwa nia ya kujenga nchi - na kuwasaidia kuamka usingizini.
Kwa nini Kikwete? Ndiye rais wetu. Ana mamlaka makubwa mno kikatiba. Ama yapunguzwe, au ayatumie kujenga nchi, si kushibisha matumbo ya wanaomuunga mkono.
Zaidi ya hayo, kabla hajaingia (madarakani) tuliahidiwa makubwa mno kutoka ‘kwake’. Sasa kama tumegundua ana ‘uwezo’ mdogo, huku akiwa na ‘mamlaka makubwa’ tusiseme?
Naamini kusema huku ni njia nyingine ya kuwaamsha waliolala, kumwamsha naye atumie mamlaka aliyo nayo, na kuwaamsha wasaidizi wake, hata kudai mabadiliko ya katiba ili mambo ya msingi ya kitaifa yafanyike, tusibaki kumtazama na ‘kumwabudu’ mtu mmoja, kiongozi dhaifu tunayemuona malaika - huku nchi inadidimia.
Najua jambo moja. Wanaomtetea Kikwete hawampendi, lakini wanashibia mgongoni mwake; au wana matumaini ya kushiba akiwa pale. Lakini hawamsaidii wala hawalisaidii taifa. Mimi nitamsaidia kwa kumkosoa!”
Ni vema tukumbushane kwamba mapinduzi ya kweli hayaji kwa nguvu ya viongozi, bali wananchi. Kama wananchi wamedhamiria, kazi ya viongozi inakuwa ni kuchochea na kuunganisha nguvu za wananchi kufikia azima yao.
Tujifunze kutoka Afrika Kusini wiki hii. Jacob Zuma ‘amemnyang'anya chama’ Rais aliye madarakani, Thabo Mbeki, kwa sababu alinogewa, akasahau nguvu ya umma! Umma ukishaamua, kama umechoka na hauoni mtu anayefaa kutawala, unaweza kulichagua hata jiwe kuwa kiongozi!
Mbeki aliweka tumaini lake kwa vyombo vya dola na mashushushu wake. Alisahau kwamba hata mashushushu hawawezi kubadili nguvu ya umma uliokwishaamua.
Umma ukishasema ‘tumechoka,’ mjadala unakuwa umekwisha. Matendo yanafuata. Akipatikana kiongozi wa kuratibu matakwa ya umma, kazi inafanyika.
Wana ANC wamemuweka pembeni rais msomi aliyebobea, wakamchagua mtu ambaye ‘hakusoma hata darasa la saba.’ Kuna kitu wamekiona ndani mwake, ambacho Mbeki ama amekipoteza kwa kulewa madaraka, au hakuwa nacho kabisa, bali amejifunika mbwembwe za usomi na uzoefu.
Haya ni mapinduzi ya wananchi waliochoka, lakini wenye nguvu ajabu. Ni watu waliochoka, lakini wenye kutazama mbele bila kukata tamaa. Wanajua wanachotaka, wanapoona watawala hawakizingatii – wanawatimua.
Hii ni kengele kwa watawala wetu pia, kwamba tukiamua kuwanyang'anya chama na serikali na kuvirejesha mikononi mwa wakulima na wafanyakazi, hatutashindwa.
Lakini watawala wetu wakishaonja madaraka hawachelewi kulewa na kusahau au kupuuza kauli za wananchi. Itazame Kenya.
Ni nchi inayotupatia mafunzo mawili. Kwanza, imedhihirika kwamba ni vigumu kupata mabadiliko kwa kuwatumia watu wale wale walioshiriki kuunda mfumo ule ule tunaoupinga. Rais Mwai Kibaki amekuwa serikalini chini ya marais waliomtangulia, hayati Jomo Kenyatta na mstaafu Daniel arap Moi, kwa zaidi ya miaka 40.
Huyu si mtu anayeweza kuleta mabadiliko, kwa sababu amekuwa sehemu ya mfumo huu wanaoupinga sasa. Ni Kibaki huyu huyu, aliyepofushwa na madaraka, akiwa makamu wa rais miaka ya 1980, aliyewakejeli wapinzani waliokuwa wanadai mfumo wa vyama vingi.
Usomi wake na uzoefu wa kazi havikumpa uwezo wa kutambua kwamba mwisho wa KANU na mfumo wake unakaribia. Aliwakejeli wanaharakati na wapinzani akisema: “Hawa wanaota ndoto za mchana; ni sawa na watu wanaojaribu kuangusha mti kwa kutumia wembe.”
Miaka mitano iliyopita, yeye ndiye aliyekabidhiwa wembe huo huo, akakata mti huo huo ukaanguka! Hilo ndilo kosa walilofanya na funzo la kwanza wanalotupa Wakenya.
Kibaki amelelewa na kukulia mle mle. Ana mtandao wa kimasilahi na kimadaraka uliojengwa miaka nenda - rudi. Akili yake ni sehemu ya nguvu iliyounda mfumo mbovu wa utawala wa Kenya.
Haoni cha kubadili. Anafurahia utukufu. Ameshazoea adha, umaskini na kelele za wananchi maskini. Na kwa umri huo alionao, ni vigumu kumtarajia alete mabadiliko. Anaogopa mabadiliko kuliko anavyoogopa wananchi!
Funzo la pili ni hili la harakati za kumwondoa Kibaki huyo huyo. Wakenya sasa wamegundua kwamba walifanya makosa kumwamini na kumtanguliza Kibaki kwa kutazama tu usomi, uzoefu na umri wake.
Walichanganya mambo hayo na busara, wakasahau kwamba akishafika Ikulu ataona aibu kuwachukulia hatua wale wale alioshirikiana nao kuyajenga yale yale ambayo wananchi wanamtaka ayang’oe.
Tangu mwaka 2005, dunia imeshuhudia jinsi Wakenya walivyoamua kurekebisha makosa ya mwaka 2002. Walimpigia kengele rais, na wakaonyesha kwamba kama anafanya kinyume cha yale aliyowaahidi kwenye kampeni wana uwezo wa kumng’oa.
Walimtikisa akatikisika. Wakakataa mapendekezo ya katiba yake mbovu. Wakaungana na wapinzani kusema ‘rais ametuangusha. Aliyoahidi kwenye kampeni si anayofanya leo. Ametufanya wajinga. Hatuna dola, lakini tuna nguvu ambayo ilimweka pale. Hiyo hiyo tutaitumia kumwondoa.'
Kwa sababu ya kulewa madaraka, kuwapenda zaidi maswahiba wake kuliko taifa, rais alipuuza kengele waliyompigia; akapuuza kauli ya umma. Bado anadhani dola itamsaidia kuwalazimisha wamrejeshe madarakani.
Watu wale wale waliomuunga mkono mwaka 2002 wakisema hadharani: “Kibaki Tosha;” leo ndio wanaongoza harakati nchi nzima wakisema kwa nguvu ile ile; “Kibaki Toka.”
Yaliyompata Mbeki katika chama chake wiki iliyopita, yanaweza kumpata Kibaki katika serikali Alhamisi ijayo. Ni ishara kwamba nguvu ya umma inazidi mabavu ya rais aliye madarakani!
Sababu kubwa ni moja. Wote wawili wameshindwa kusoma alama za nyakati. Wamepuuza kauli za wananchi. Sasa wananchi wameweka woga pembeni. Wanasema imetosha.
Afrika haikuzoea kuona marais wakishindwa wakiwa madarakani, lakini nyakati zimebadilika. Kizazi hiki kina mtazamo tofauti, na kina nguvu ya ajabu itokanayo na shida zinazokikabili. Ni mapambano ya umaskini wa wananchi dhidi ya ulafi wa watawala unaowajengea dharau na jeuri.
Nimesikitika kwamba hata rais wetu, Kikwete, anayesifika kwa kuwa msikivu, anaanza kujifunza kwa Mbeki na Kibaki.
Wananchi wamempigia kengele; wanasema mawaziri wako ni wazembe. Yeye anasema ni wachapa kazi. Wanasema punguza ukubwa wa baraza au vunja uunde upya baraza lako la mawaziri; yeye anasema haoni haja. Wanamwambia mawaziri wako ni mzigo kwako na kwa taifa; yeye anasema hii ndiyo nguvu kazi ninayoitegemea.
Wananchi wanasema mrejeshe Gavana wa Benki Kuu, Daudi Ballali, ashitakiwe kwa tuhuma zinazomkabili, usimwache astaafu kimya kimya na kujificha nje ya nchi kwa kisingizio cha ugonjwa; yeye anasema hana habari kama gavana amestaafu.
Lakini wananchi hao hao wanahoji. Je, rais alisukumwa na nini kumteulia gavana msaidizi mara tu baada ya kutuhumiwa?
Zipo tetesi zinazunguka kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa rais wameshamtembelea Ballali huko aliko na kumshauri ‘asirejee nyumbani.’
Bahati mbaya wanaotuhumiwa kwa hili ni wale wale waliohusishwa na miradi ya utoroshaji wa pesa za umma kwa kutumia kampuni feki kama Deep Green katika kipindi cha uchaguzi mkuu.
Wananchi wamefika mahali wakasema hata imani yao kwa rais mwenyewe inaanza kupungua (kutoka asilimia 80, hadi 67, hadi 44 katika miaka miwili); yeye anasema hajashindwa na amefaulu.
Wananchi wanalalamikia ugumu wa maisha, bei za bidhaa muhimu zote zimepanda mara dufu, shilingi imeshuka thamani, kipato chao hakiongezeki; watawala wanasema uchumi ‘unapaa.’
Wananchi wanasema mlituahidi kutenda kazi kwa ari mpya, kasi mpya na nguvu mpya kwa kujitofautisha na serikali iliyotangulia. Mbona mmekwama na mnarudiarudia yale yale? Watawala wanasema ‘tupeni muda hadi 2010.’
Onyo: Mwaka 2010 hauko mbali. Wala hauji ghafla. Miaka miwili imepita. Bado miwili. Ule mmoja wa mwisho, kwa jinsi tunavyowajua CCM, utatumika kujiandalia uchaguzi mkuu.
Kwa hiyo, hesabu ya haraka haraka ambayo wananchi wanapaswa kufanya sasa ni kuzidisha mafanikio ya serikali ya sasa mara mbili – ingawa kasi ya utendaji inazidi kushuka, na ari ya watendaji inaporomoka pia.
Kama serikali inasema imefanikiwa kupambana na majambazi (kwa kutumia pikipiki); wananchi wanataka ipambane na mizizi ya ujambazi – na itambue kuwa majambazi wakubwa hawatumii silaha.
Serikali inasema imejishughulisha na kuinua soka; wananchi wanasema imejishughulisha na timu ya taifa, mmesahau ujenzi wa taasisi za michezo nchini na kujenga vitalu vya michezo yote.
Inasema imeijenga upya TAKUKURU; wananchi wanasema serikali imeshindwa kuiondoa ofisini mwa rais.
Mara kadhaa rais mwenyewe amekana kuingilia utendaji wa TAKUKURU, lakini sheria iko wazi kwamba yeye ndiye ‘bosi’ wa TAKUKURU! Yeye na watu wake wakituhumiwa watasafishwa kama ilivyotokea kwa Richmond. Na watu wanaamini kwamba rushwa zenyewe zinaliwa na wakubwa!
Zaidi ya hayo, baadhi ya wapambe wake wamekuwa wakisambaza ujumbe mara kwa mara kila TAKUKURU inapoonekana kuchukua hatua kadhaa; wao wanasema ‘rais ameagiza!’ wanajaribu kumjenga, wanamharibia!
Suala la Richmond (Dowans), mgongano wa maoni kuhusu ripoti ya TAKUKURU na Kamati ya Biashara na Uwekezaji ya Bunge, iliyosababisha kuundwa kwa Tume ya Bunge kuichunguza upya Richmond, ni suala jingine linalopunguza imani ya umma kwa serikali katika suala la rushwa.
Ndiyo maana watani wake wanasema rushwa imebaki Ikulu; ndiyo maana mafisadi wanatanua! Haya yote yanasemwa na wananchi hao hao. Rais msikivu anasikia, hasikilizi.
Kwa hiyo, wakati wananchi wanatambua kwamba yapo baadhi ya mambo yameshughulikiwa na serikali katika miaka miwili iliyopita, tatizo kubwa la serikali ya Kikwete ni kwamba imeshindwa kuvunja mfumo wa utawala iliourithi.
Ni jambo gumu, lakini liliahidiwa, na linawezekana. Au labda walifanya makosa yale yale ya Wakenya, kuwaamini watu wale wale kuleta mabadiliko wasiyoyaamini.
Kama ilivyo Kenya (na kwingine Afrika) tatizo letu ni mfumo. Unahitajika uongozi usio na huruma na mfumo uliopo, uuvunje vunje na kuunda mpya.
Kikwete na timu yake wana miaka miwili kutuhakikishia kwamba wanaweza hilo. Vinginevyo, wakiendelea kushughulika na vijimiradi vidogo vya kufurahisha wananchi kwa ajili ya kuombea kura, tutabaki pale pale alipotukuta au tutarudi nyuma zaidi.
Na siku wananchi watakapobaini kwamba Kikwete hasikilizi tena, ndiyo yale yale ya Mbeki na Kibaki, moto utakaowaka hautazimwa na nguvu zozote za dola hadi wananchi watakapopata jiwe la kuweka pale walipo watawala wa sasa. Lakini kwa nini tuchague jiwe?

http://www.freemedia.co.tz/daima/habari.php?id=10980

MAPINDUZI HALISI HAYAJI KAMA USINGIZI

Mabadiliko ya namna yoyote ile hasa kisiasa popote pale daima hayaji kama usingizi, ili mabadiliko yaje ni hadi watu wachache wakubali kumwaga damu kwa manufaa ya wengi.

Mke wa Dr.SLAA kajeruhiwa na polisi kwenye mkutano huko Arusha tarehe 5januari,2011.

Ni maandamano ya amani huko Arusha yaliyosababisha mashujaa, na wapenzi wa CHADEMA wawili wauliwe na polisi.

Ifahamike wazi kuwa POLISI ndio chanzo cha vulugu hapa nchini, kwasababu kama wasingekuwa chanzo cha vurugu kwanini Mkusanyiko wa kuwaombea na kuwaaga Marehemu walioliwa na Polisi siku ya maandamano, uliokusanya maelfu ya wananchi waliojitokeza, mbona hawakufanya shali yoyote? na kwanini? hapakutokea ajari zozote pamoja na trafiki kutokuonekana kabisa eneo la tukio. jibu linakuja kuwa vyombo vya dola tulivyovipa imani kubwa kulinda usalama wa raia na mali zao kumbe ndivyo vinahusika kwa 100% kufanya uhalifu. Angalizo hapa ni kwamba, Roho za watanzania na damu inayomwagika bila hatia itawadai siku ya mwisho. na itafika hatua watanzania watachoka, watachoshwa na bugudha mnazowafanyia, watasema inatosha, na wakisema inatosha sikuhiyo patakuwa ni kivumbi.

Mwisho nahitimisha kwa kusema kuwa, kunakila sababu ya wewe IGP Said Mwema kujihuzuru pamoja na waziri wa Mambo ya ndani, ili kunusuru roho za watanzania.